There are two audio channels for sound generation. They are identical but completely independent and can be operated simultaneously to produce sound effects through the TV's speaker.

Horizontal motion allows the programmer to move any of the 5 graphics objects relative to their current horizontal position. Each object has a 4 bit horizontal motion register (HMPO, HMP1, HMM0, HMM1, HMBL) that can be loaded with a value in the range +7 to -8 (negative values are expressed in two's complement form).

The PIA chip is an off-the-shelf 6532 Peripheral Interface Adaptor which has three functions, a programmable timer, 128 bytes of RAM, and two 8 bit parallel I/O ports

The FE register is used to create a play field of walls, clouds. barriers, etc., that are seldom moved.

The TIA is a custom I.C. designed to create the TV picture and sound from the instructions sent to it by the microprocessor.

For purpose of STELLA programming, a single television "frame" consists of 262 horizontal lines, and each line is divided by 228 clock counts (3.58MHz).

This chapter deals with the operation and circuitry of transistor oscillators. In general, these fall into two categories: the feedback (or vacuum tube equivalent) types, and the negative-resistance (or current multiplying) type.

This chapter deals with the design and operation of the transistor as a low-frequency amplifying device based on the transistor characteristics and limitations discussed in the preceding chapters.

This article contains important miscellaneous considerations, including transistor operation at high frequencies, i-f and r-f amplifiers, limiters, mixers, handling techniques, hybrid parameters, and printed circuits.

The design and servicing of the transistor circuit is more compli-cated than that of the vacuum tube, because transistor input and output circuits are never inherently independent of each other.

This chapter deals with basic four-terminal' analysis in general, and the specific application of four-terminal network analysis to the transistor.

This transistor consists of two electrodes (emitter and collector) which which make contact with a germanium pellet, and a third electrode (the base) which is soldered to that pellet.

For many years, the atom was considered to be the smallest particle of matter. It is now known that the atom is composed of still smaller entities called electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Ever since the point contact transistor was announced by the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1948, a considerable effort has been directed toward the improvement of transistor manufacturing and circuit design techniques.